The ability of organic chemicals to be broken down by microorganisms, removed from the environment and reintroduced into the mineral cycle; in the case of an active substance, an important part of the environmental impact and its related authorisation.

Population density or number of individuals of a species relative to their habitat.

Adult; life phase of an organism after reaching sexual maturity.

Everything caused, manufactured or influenced by man; e.g. man-made environmental problems.

In the (biological) classification, the lowest hierarchical stage that comes after the genus; within the genus Adalia, for example, the two-point ladybug (Adalia bipunctata) is a species.

measure of the diversity of animals and plants within a habitat or area; Part for the characterisation of the biodiversity of a habitat or area.

Animals belonging to the phylum of the arthropods, such as insects, crustaceans (e.g. duck mussels or crabs), centipedes and spider-animals (e.g. spiders, mites or scorpions).

Native, indigenous.

Self-pollination; Transfer of one’s own pollen to one’s own stigma.

Transmission of pollen to the stigma.

Biodiversity; includes three areas: diversity of all species, e.g. plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms, diversity of all ecosystems (i.e. habitats and the interaction of species with their environment) and genetic diversity within species, e.g. different apple varieties.

Large, manageable geographical landscape unit (large habitat) with characteristic cohabitation of animals and plants.

Habitat of a cohabitation.

Chemically or biologically (non-physical) active substances and products outside the agricultural sector for the killing or deterrence of pests, lice, algae, fungi or bacteria; these include wood preservatives, antifouling products, preservatives, disinfectants, insect repellents and rat poisons.

2002 Act transposing Directive 98/8EG (EU Biocides Directive) of 1998; regulates, among other things, the authorisation procedure, labelling, packaging and advertising of biocides.

Regulation on the placing on the market and use of biocidal products; replaces Directive 98/8EG; includes nanomaterials and products treated with biocidal products; formulates new, among other things, exclusion criteria for the approval of active substances; introduces the instrument of substitution (exchange of hazardous substances with less dangerous substances) and the associated comparative evaluation of biocidal products; provides for simplified authorisation and Union authorisation.

In zoology, a defensive act to defend an insect reinforced with a venomous spike, mostly used by skin-flyers such as bees, wasps and ants; with the help of a sting on the abdomen, a toxic secretion is injected under the skin of the potential enemy; within the blood-sucking insects, mosquitoes, flies and bedbugs are also referred to as a sting, although here the skin of a potential host is pierced with aproboscis (mouth tool); in fleas, lice and ticks, on the other hand, it is usually referred to as a bite.

In entomology, the term for two completed generations per year.

General name for different infectious diseases caused by Borrelia bacteria in humans and other mammals; bacterial transmission is mainly carried out by ticks.

Salts and esters of carbamide acids; often used as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides.

An infectious disease caused by the chikungunya virus in the tropics, which causes fever and joint discomfort, among other things; transmitted by mosquitoes.

Chemical compound, insecticide and veterinary medicinal products from the group of pyrethroids; acts as a contact or nerve poison and repellent.

Infectious disease caused by the dengue virus in tropical and subtropical areas, which causes fever, rash, head, muscle and limb pain, among others; transmitted by mosquitoes.

Insecticide (contact, frass poison) banned in Western industrialized countries since the 1970s or restricted in its manufacture and use.

The appearance of plants and animals, which usually occur worldwide only in a small, specific and clearly defined range. In the case of diseases: increased occurrence in a limited region or population.

Insect researchers

Non-profit, scientific association with the purpose of nurturing and promoting entomology as well as research in this field; often also publishers of corresponding magazines.

According to the Biocides Act and Regulation, biocidal products must be disposed of in accordance with the applicable waste legislation of the Union and the Member States; such information must be noted primarily on the safety data sheet, but also on the packaging, the label and the instructions for use.

Nutrient input into a (partial) ecosystem, often also related to nutrient enrichment and overfertilization.

In the biological classification, a hierarchical stage that stands between order and genus; within the order of beetles (Coleoptera) are, for example, ladybird (Coccinellidae), weevil (Curculionidae) or running beetle (Carabidae) individual families.

Harmful effects in waters on local fish, caused by certain chemical active substances or their conversion products; on safety data sheets and labels with the corresponding hazard symbol (dangerous to the environment).

Covering of the natural soil by buildings (e.g. asphalted roads, concrete disused places) so that precipitation can no longer penetrate and soil processes can no longer drain.

Unwanted settlement of organisms on technical surfaces.

In the botany, the name for the part of the stamp bearing the seed plants; also referred to as ovary.

Chemical or biological agent against fungi and their spores, which kills them or prevents their growth for the time of its effectiveness.

In the (biological) classification, a hierarchical stage that stands between family and species; adalia is a genus in the ladybird family (Coccinellidae).

Pure substances or mixtures of substances with a chemical hazard potential.

A total of efforts to protect all waters from any kind of damage.

Animal species, which includes animals such as insects, centipedes, crustaceans and spiders.

In botany, the term for the thread- or column-shaped connection between the stigma and the fruit node.

Developmental form in insects with imperfect metamorphosis and thus larval stages, which are already very similar to the adult animal; Absence of a pupal stage; e.g. in locusts, bedbugs, cockroaches.

Feeding on plants or plant substances; synonymous with the term phytophag.

Chemical agents that selectively or totally kill disruptive plants; also referred to as a weedkiller.

Form of development in insects with complete metamorphosis and thus different larval, pupal and adult stages; e.g. for beetles, butterflies, hymenoptera.

The body’s own, biochemical, low-molecular compound produced and delivered by special cells, which is usually transported via the blood to the cells of the target organ, which produces specific effects or regulation functions; also referred to as a messenger substance.

Association based in Frankfurt, which represents the interests of the agrochemical industry; member companies‘ business areas include plant protection, plant nutrition, pest control and biotechnology; the focus is on providing information on industry issues, in particular the importance of research and innovation for modern and sustainable agriculture.

Launched in 2012, the world’s first seal of approval for control-neutral insect repellent, which guarantees compensation for indoor biocides. On the basis of a scientific model, the damage to the intradomal fauna, mainly insects, is calculated and compensated by means of insect-friendly balancing surfaces, mainly extensive flat roof greenery with various structures. The seal of approval is an initiative of the internationally active biocidal company Reckhaus.

Insects are the most species-rich class of the animals and belong to the tribe of the arthropods. The tribe of the arthropods also includes crabs, spiders, assel spiders, centipedes as well as lesser known other classes. With just under one million species described, insects represent 60 percent of all described animal species in total. In German, they are also called „Kerbtiere“ (notch animals), because of their different parts of the body: head, chest with three pairs of legs, abdomen, chitin carapasse. They are thus different from the class of spider animals, which always carry four pairs of legs on the front. Among the most well-known insect regulations are hymenoptera (e.g. ants, bees, wasps), locusts, beetles, dragonflies, reticulated winged, earworms, plant lice, cockroaches, butterflies, bugs, cicadas and two-winged (e.g. house fly). Most insects are one to 20 millimeters in size. Because of their diversity, they now occupy almost every ecological niche.

Identification and naming of an insect by means of identification literature, photographs or comparative collection; requires special knowledge of the physique and biology of insects; can often only be carried out by specialists.

Decrease in the quantity and total number of insects; global phenomenon; Causes and extent are the subject of current research; among other things, poisoning and consequential damage caused by pesticides, overfertilization, land consumption, land use change and climate change; has far-reaching consequences, including the number of species and population sizes of insect-eating animals, food production and world nutrition.

Fatal collision of insects on solid surfaces; usually caused by fast-moving vehicles or fast-moving objects (e.g. wind turbines).

Deals with means and measures that serve to expel or kill insects deemed harmful or annoying to humans.

Means and measures to prevent, expel or kill insects deemed harmful or annoying to humans; range from physical (e.g. fly screens, protective clothing, fly clapping, vacuum cleaners, adhesive traps, UV lamps), to repellent (e.g. essential oils), to insecticide products (e.g. sprays, fracas lures, spraying agents).

Artificial reproduction of insects; usually related to feed animals, pollination, biological pest control, silk fibres and human nutrition.

Pesticide for the killing, displacement or inhibition of insects and their stages of development; also referred to as insecticides; often used in agriculture, forestry, stock and material protection as well as hygiene.

Collective term for all animals that can live permanently in buildings.

In the (biological) classification, a hierarchical stage that stands between stigma and order; within the stigma of the arthropoda are e.g. insects (Insecta) or crustaceans individual classes.

Over the last three decades, there has been an increased influx of heat-loving insects; often these immigrants come from the western and eastern Mediterranean; in other heat-loving species, which previously could have been found isolated or temporary in an area, has been an increase in finds and an expansion of the area. Many insect species also appear earlier in the year. Experts suspect that these phenomena are related to climate change. This development is particularly problematic for specialized and less mobile insect species, if, for example, their habitats change significantly due to warming or their distribution areas and forage plants no longer overlap. Mild winters can contribute to the mass occurrence of certain pests; disease-carrying insects from the tropics are also likely to spread further north; finally, the disappearance of certain insect species has consequences for the pollination of plants and the food of many other animal species.

A container made of threaded glandular secretions, with which certain insects and spiders envelop their eggs or spin themselves for pupation.

Balance

In zoology, the term for the early stage of development of an animal between egg and adult stage; differs in terms of shape and way of life from the adult (adult) animal; the most famous animal group with a larval stage are insects (e.g. butterfly caterpillar) and amphibians (e.g. tadpoles).

Name for an animal which is not a pest in the true sense of the word, but whose presence is perceived as disturbing, frightening or disgusting.

In toxicology, the dose of a particular active substance or radiation that is fatal (lethal) for a particular living being; LD50 is the drug dose at which 50% of the experimental organisms die within a given period of time.

Inclusion of authorised active substances in the Union list of authorised active substances; Annex I to Directive 98/8EG.

Common name for the larval stage of certain insects; e.g. for fly larvae.

The most common tropical disease caused by single-celled parasites of the genus Plasmodium; mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles; also referred to as swamp or alternating fever.

Organism that feeds on materials of plant or animal origin, thereby damaging or destroying them (e.g. clothes moth, bacon beetle, fur beetle).

In zoology, the conversion of the larval form to adult (adult), sexually mature animal; in insects distinction between imperfect (hemimetabolic) and perfect (holometabolic) metamorphosis.

Developmental characteristics of the human head, which is coined with a comparatively smaller head size and a mental disability as a result; triggered by infection during pregnancy with rubella or the Zika virus, by chromosomes or alcohol consumption of the pregnant mother.

Chemical agent that kills molluscs such as snails; e.g. snail grain.

Product for the determination of a pest on a physical-mechanical basis; therefore does not belong to the biocides according to the Biocides Ordinance, although the product can also kill the harmful organism; e.g. yellow-coloured adhesive traps.

Preservation and long-term impact of an ecological, economic or social system; with regard to the well-being of future generations, this should not be used beyond its production capacity or exploited.

Insects feed on plant and animal substances; the food spectrum is so broad that there is hardly any organic substance that is not used by insects as a food source. Herbivorous (phytophagen) insects include, for example, butterflies such as the little fox, wood-eating (xylophage) beetles such as the deer beetle or dung-eating (coprophage) flies and mosquitoes; the carnivorous (zoophagen) insects include predatory species such as dragonflies, parasites such as the bed bug or aas-eating (necrophage) insects such as the family of bacon beetles. Many insect species are very flexible in their diet and have a different food source than the adult animals as larva; the latter often no longer eat food at all.

Sequence of individual living beings that are dependent on each other in terms of their diet: e.g. cabbage leaves are eaten by the caterpillar of the great cabbage white; this is eaten by a blue tit, which is then eaten again by a cat; however, a food chain is usually a complex network of different food relationships involving different animals and plants; then one speaks of a food web.

In botany, the name for the upper part of the stamp of a flowering plant is used to absorb the pollen.

Necrophage insects are those that feed on dead meat.

Free sensory nerve ending, which converts tissue damage (e.g. injury) into an electrical signal and can thus be passed on to the central nervous system.

Due to their evolutionary history, their close relationship with plants and other animals, their biodiversity and their adaptability, insects have become indispensable for life on Earth; they are central elements of the food webs, ensuring the survival of plants and thus the nutrition of humans and animals through their enormous pollination performance; they also decompose organic substances such as manure or foliage, thus contributing to the formation of humus and soil fertility; they also produce important products for humans, such as silk or shellac, and are used for medical purposes.

The name of organisms which, as natural opponents, counteract pests by decimating them or preventing their further propagation; play a central role in horticultural, agricultural, forestry and wine-growing crops; are an integral part of integrated plant protection, are specifically bred and released; e.g. ladybugs, florflies, wasps.

In the (biological) classification, a hierarchical stage that stands between class and family; within the class of insects are, for example, beetles (Coleoptera), locusts (Orthoptera) or cockroaches (Blattodea) individual orders.

Animal or plant organism that lives permanently or temporarily on or in another organism and thereby damages it.

Chemical compound, insect and acaricide from the group of pyrethroids; acts as a contact, food poison and repellent.

Chemical agents that kill, expel or inhibit germination, growth or reproduction of annoying or harmful organisms; also referred to as a pesticide.

The plant protection market (worldwide), which in 2015 stood at USD 51.2 billion; Shares for the USA, Canada and Mexico amounted to 18.3%, Latin America 27.4%, Europe 22.7%, Asia 27.4% and 4.2% for the other regions; the German crop protection market recorded a herbicide turnover of 636 million euros in 2015, a fungicide turnover of 711 million euros and an insecticide turnover of 134 million euros; for other plant protection products such as growth regulators, rodenticides or molluskizides, the turnover was EUR 111 million; in the case of plant protection products for homes and gardens, sales in Germany in 2015 amounted to EUR 65.7 million.

Chemical or biological agents and their mixtures, intended to protect plants and plant products from harmful organisms or to prevent their exposure; are also used to destroy unwanted plants or parts of plants, to inhibit the undesirable growth of plants or to prevent such growth.

Biological processes influenced by regular, periodic and natural developmental phenomena; e.g. sequence of the seasons.

Science of interaction between organisms and substances; also referred to as the teaching of medicines.

Chemical messenger for communication between individuals of the same species; e.g. sexual pheromones for attracting sexual partners.

Compounds with the chemical element phosphorus (P); for the structure and function of all organisms in central areas; important insecticides and pesticides.

Feeding on plants or plant substances; synonymous with the term herbivor.

Chemical active ingredient, which as a so-called synergist enhances the insecticide effect of pyrethroids without having an insecticide effect itself.

Often used in connection with a pest infestation or an epidemic; Old and New Testament motif (e.g. Ten Plagues).

Dust-like grains containing the male sex cells of a flower; also referred to as pollen.

In biology, it is the name of a group of animals or plants of the same species that live in the same place at the same time and can reproduce among themselves.

Living beings that regularly kill other living beings in order to feed on them; most of the time the predator is larger than its prey, but its population is smaller.

Measure to prevent adverse events or conditions.

In entomology, the term for the usually almost or completely motionless transition stage between larva and adult insect.

Integrated, environmentally friendly, sustainable and biological pest control in plant cultivation, where other plants are grown between crops that, due to their special properties (e.g. odour), distribute pests (push); plants are grown around the field which, due to their special properties, attract pests from the crops (pull) and may even decimate them; at the same time, these plants improve soil fertility and moisture, decimate weeds, contribute to erosion protection and serve as additional feed for livestock; the method was developed at the International Insect Research Institute icipe in Nairobi.

Synthetic insecticides with a similar chemical structure as (natural) pyrethrum and named after it.

Natural insecticide produced from the flowers of the plant genus of usury flowers (Tanacetum; Asteraceae); The main active ingredients are pyrethrines, cinerins and jasmoline.

In the (biological) classification, a hierarchical stage, which includes plants, animals and fungi, for example.

Name for an artificial or natural active substance which, by its odour, deters specific organisms without killing them.

Resilience of a system to malfunctions or changes.

Genetically justified or acquired resistance of an organism to harmful environmental influences (e.g. diseases, parasites, climate); pests, also against pesticides, bacteria and viruses also against drugs.

Directive on the placing on the market of biocidal products (EU Biocides Directive); concerns, among other things, the evaluation, authorisation, placing on the market, recognition of authorisations and the positive list of active substances.

Chemical agents in feeding baits or gases for the control of rodents.

Within nature conservation, a tool for documenting the danger and extinction of animal and plant species, species communities and habitats related to a particular territory or area.

Due to their special way of life, insects cause damage to plants, plant or animal material and affect other organisms with corresponding consequential damage (e.g. disease transmission, reduced milk yield in livestock); usually related to the food intake of the larva, less often also than adult animals.

Organism that harms human beings as a result of their way of life (e.g. impairment and destruction of plants, objects, materials, food); mostly used in connection with insects.

Profession or training in which pests are identified, their infestation analysed and appropriate measures taken to fight them; often also associated with advisory function; in Germany, three years of training; colloquially referred to as Exterminator.

Chemical, physical, mechanical, biological or biotechnical measures to control plants, animals and microorganisms considered harmful by humans.

Targeted release of organisms or viruses to decimate animals or plants deemed harmful to humans; often predators, parasites or pathogens are used for this purpose; e.g. cats, ladybugs, wasps, nematodes, Bacillus thuringiensis.

Targeted use of biotechnical methods to decimate animals, plants or micro-organisms deemed harmful to humans; the reaction of harmful organisms to key physical or chemical stimuli is exploited; these include e.g. UV light traps, pheromones (e.g. sex lures), hormones (e.g. growth, skinning hormones), modification of the genetic material (e.g. by breeding, irradiation).

Targeted use of chemical, toxic agents to decimate animals, plants or micro-organisms deemed harmful to humans; Pesticides, insecticides, rodenticides, molluscizides, fungicides or herbicides are usually used.

Holistic approach to pest control with the combination of various measures to anticipate, prevent and adequately combat a pest infestation and to combat appropriately only where it is absolutely necessary, targeted and limited to a certain extent.

Targeted use of mechanical methods to decimate animals and plants deemed harmful to humans; these include interception (e.g. collection, glue traps), defences (e.g. fly screens, fences) and deterrence (e.g. scarecrow).

Targeted implementation of measures to compensate for the intervention in the pester population; these include, for example, the creation of (replacement) habitats, targeted breeding and the release of animals.

targeted use of physical methods to decimate animals, plants or microorganisms deemed harmful to humans; these include, for example, cold, heat, radiation, vapours or acoustic signals.

Since insects do not have nociceptors, it is assumed that no pain can be felt; in Drosophila melanogaster, however, it is suspected that it has a gene associated with pain perception; Insects dodge certain stimuli (e.g. heat, electric shocks, chemical agents) which could harm them; Topic is controversially discussed.

Accumulation or association of living beings moving together at the same time; usually related to insects, fish or birds.

Animal fibre obtained from the cocoon of the silk spinner (Bombyx mori).

Chemical messengers or fragrances (pheromones) for attracting or sexualalycation of a sexual partner.

Instrument for providing safety-related information on a chemical active substance and its mixtures; summarizes all information and measures related to health, environmental protection and safety at work.

Animals that live individually or alone; as opposed to sociable creatures (gregary).

In the (biological) classification, a hierarchical stage that stands between empire and class; within the realm of (multicellular) animals, for example, arthropoda are a phylum; also called strain.

In botany, the name for the stigma, the handle and the fruit knot-bearing part of a flower.

In zoology, a defensive act to defend an insect reinforced with a venomous spike, mostly used by skin-flyers such as bees, wasps and ants; with the help of a sting on the abdomen, a toxic secretion is injected under the skin of the potential enemy; within the blood-sucking insects, mosquitoes, flies and bedbugs are also referred to as a sting, although here the skin of a potential host is pierced with aproboscis (mouth tool); in fleas, lice and ticks, on the other hand, it is usually referred to as a bite.

In zoology, an organism that cooperates with another in its life functions, both of which benefit each other; in pharmacology also a term for active substances that mutually reinforce each other in their effect.

The field of biology, which deals with the classification (taxonomy), the designation (nomenclature) and the determination of living beings; also includes the reconstruction of the tribal history of organisms (phylogeny) and the study of the processes that lead to the diversity of organisms (evolutionary biology).

Chemical compound and insecticide from the group of pyrethroids; acts as a contact or nerve poison.

Mosquito species, which is originally found in the South and Southeast Asian tropics and subtropics, but has been spread worldwide in recent decades; Chikungunya and dengue fever and the Zika virus.

Chemical compound and insecticide from the group of pyrethroids with a wide range of effects; acts as a contact or nerve poison and repellent.

In entomology, the name for three completed generations per year.

Position of a living being in the food chain or in the food web.

With regard to nutrition and food

An infectious disease in humans and animals caused by viruses, which causes almost always fatal brain inflammation; usually transmitted by dogs or bats.

Teaching of toxins, poisoning caused by them and their treatment; sub-area of pharmacology.

Overduration of seasonal low temperatures of animals and plants by appropriate adaptation mechanisms, usually in the form of special physiological conditions; numerous animals escape unfavourable climatic conditions also by hiking.

Chemical substances, mixtures or radiations which themselves or their conversion products affect the natural balance to such an extent that they pose risks to the environment (including water, soil, air, climate, animals, plants, micro-organisms); must be marked on products and material with appropriate information (e.g. with symbols).

Unwanted smaller animals that are perceived by humans as harmful, annoying or disgusting; often used in connection with arthropods, rodents, pests, lice or disease carriers.

List of active substances approved by the European Commission that may be used in biocidal products and treated products.

Legally required procedure before placing a biocidal product on the market throughout the EU and in just one step, i.e. without the need for national authorisation.

In entomology, the term for a completed generation per year.

In biology and medicine, a vector is a disease carrier. It transports a pathogen from the host to another organism without contracting it itself. The diseases („borne“) caused by such vectors include dengue, chikungunja, West Nile and yellow fevers transmitted by various tiger mosquitoes.

In biology and medicine, a carrier of pathogens that cause infections, e.g. mosquito, tick, flea.

Development phase within the holometabolic metamorphosis, during which an insect larva turns into a pupa after its last skinning.

Small, infectious particle that relies on cells from other organisms to reproduce.

An organism that parasites, pollutes, contaminates and makes it insoluble or completely destroyed; e.g. rats, mice, food moths, cereal flat beetles.

Substance which causes a specific effect with a specific reaction in an organism; active component of e.g. biocides, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and repellents.

In biology, an organism that is infested by a parasite and provides it with its own resources.

Foreign pollination; Transmission of pollen from one flower to the stigma of another flower; can be carried out by water, wind, animals and humans.

The virus, which is part of the genus Flavivirus, which is endemic to Africa and Southeast Asia, was first isolated and named after it in 1947 at a research station in the Zika Forest (Uganda); causes Zika fever and severe malformations in the embryo (microcephaly); Transmission by mosquitoes, through sexual contact and from mother to her own child.

Infectious diseases transmitted from animal to human or from person to animal; e.g. Lyme disease, rabies, dengue fever.

A statutory two-stage procedure before placing any biocidal product on the market; first stage: active substance approval with examination of all active substances contained (listing within the Union list of all authorised active substances); second stage: different alternative authorisation procedures, depending on the product concerned and also depending on the number of countries in which the product is to be marketed; Distinction between national authorisation, Union authorisation, simplified authorisation, each with the possibility of renewal and mutual recognition within the participating countries.

A statutory procedure before placing a biocidal product on the market in a single EU Member State; if the product is to be placed on the market in several countries, an undertaking may apply for mutual recognition of the authorisation.

A legally required pre-market procedure for a biocidal product that meets certain criteria laid down in the Biocides Regulation; products which do not contain active substances of concern for both the environment and human and animal health.

Obligation under the Biocides Ordinance, where biocide products may only be placed on the market, commercially or professionally, if they are authorised, communicated or recognised.